This paper is a journal entrée of what I have learned and observed in the class as I come to have some reflections on what educational philosophy is all about. Its importance to our educational system and the values that is set to take place when the school system is internalizing such philosophy. Some of the questions I have formulated are stated below.
Questions:
· What is an educational philosophy?
· What are the different educational philosophies?
- How do we align our personal philosophies in the school system?
In the foregoing discussion, let us be reminded that our main reason for this is to sharpen our knowledge on the subject and give value to each philosophy as we learn new things from it. Although some of the thoughts and opinions are based on personal observations as a student learning from an experience and seeing a new light from it.
The Need for an Educational Philosophy
In every school system today, an array of educational philosophy arises. Some teachers also have their own philosophies as it is. Yet whatever the school dictates is to be followed. The school policies were administered by a given body with their set of philosophies an example could be the sectarian or non-sectarian school. I happen to belong to both when I was attending my primary and secondary education. As I grew up I never questioned the difference of each system I just thought that it was instilled because it was run by the nuns or just the president of the university. I never thought this would come and that I will encounter such possibility and delved into the periphery of inspecting this subject. So, we start by asking what is an educational philosophy?
According to Ron Kurtus (revised 26 February 2001), there is a philosophy behind every school system, based on the views and values of the educators, as well as the society that is sponsoring the education. The philosophy starts with the view of reality and definitions of truth and goodness. From this, the mission of the schools and the emphasis of the instruction are established.
The emphasis of the view of reality and the definitions of truth and goodness is based on how educators understand the idea of good, truth and beauty as the primary value of education. Without these we could never find the real essence of our educational aims. Going back to the lesson we have taken on the subject foundations of psycho-philosophy, we have seen the relevance of the topic so in view of this is the alignment of the objectives.
The Educational Philosophies
The details of these philosophies are explicitly different from one another. It varies on how it was being processed and given to the students and the techniques used in the curriculum and later on incorporated together to make a more meaningful outcome.
Perennialism
A conservative and inflexible philosophy of education which is based on the view that reality comes from fundamental fixed truths-especially related to God. It believes that people find truth through reasoning and revelation and that goodness is found in rational thinking. As a result, schools exist to teach reason and God's will. Students are taught to reason through structured lessons and drills.
Idealism
Idealism believes in refined wisdom. It is based on the view that reality is a world within a person's mind. It believes that truth is in the consistency of ideas and that goodness is an ideal state to strive to attain. As a result, schools exist to sharpen the mind and intellectual processes. Students are taught the wisdom of past heroes.
Realism
Realism believes in the world as it is. It is based on the view that reality is what we observe. It believes that truth is what we sense and observe and that goodness is found in the order of the laws of nature. As a result, schools exist to reveal the order of the world and universe. Students are taught factual information.
Experimentalism
Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what you experience. It believes that truth is what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve problems.
Progressivism developed by John Dewey in the 1920’s
Progressivists had taken into consideration the three learning types (auditory, visual and kinesthetic learners) of students. Techniques used in this approach are the following: thought provoking games, books, manipulative objects, experimentation and social interaction between the students. This approach also uses field trips outside of the classroom for educational purposes. Progressive philosophy isn't centered around the main goal of educating students for adulthood. Instead this approach was meant to enrich the educational growth process.
Existentialism
Proponents of this approach are Jean Paul Sarte, Soren Kierkegaard,Friedrich Nietzche and A.S . Neill with the creation of his Summerhill School. Each of these famous men contributed to the belief that it was "not just the mind that needed to be educated, but the whole person."
An existentialism school didn't enforce formal education. Instead it nurtured the creativity, and individuality of the student. It was felt that in time a student would mature by themselves, and decide what direction was suitable to pursue. In an existentialist school children would be given a variety of subjects to choose from. Vocational courses were to teach the student about themselves, and not to prepare them for a future occupation. The student pursued the subject of their choice, learning method, and worked at their own pace. They received one-on-one guidance from their teacher. Existentialism was an independent study program rather than a traditional class.
How do we align our personal philosophies into the school system?
I believe we can always make a difference in whatever situation we are in. In ways where educational philosophy plays an important role in our lives as educators. As the school system has its own philosophies to follow which we need to understand and also follow because we are of one entity. Regarding our personal educational philosophies we could incorporate it to their norms and the culture within that given society to have a harmonious relationship to others. As teachers we should be adept and flexible in the need for change in our environment.
Above all these details which would you likely follow or has been using as your educational philosophy? Intentions and motivations vary by the degree and the quality of education we would like to impart to our students. As educators, we would like to imprint a memory of us for them to be remembered and appreciated not in words but in thoughts. May it be a lasting relationship and goal so that we may be a true educator with a heart and soul in teaching. So that the goodness and beauty of our profession will always be noble.
Let me leave you with a quote from a philosopher:
“The profit we possess after study is to have become better and wiser”.
(de Montaigne)